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1) The Analects
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Few individuals shaped their country's civilization more than Confucius (551-479 BCE). Compulsory reading in the late Imperial period for all who wished to enter the government or civil service, his sayings and those of his disciples formed the foundation of a distinct social, ethical, and intellectual system that is still admired in today's China. This new translation by a foremost scholar of classical Chinese includes an introduction, textual and...
2) What is art?
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During the decades of his world fame as sage and preacher as well as author of War and Peace and Anna Karenina, Tolstoy wrote prolifically in a series of essays and polemics on issues of morality, social justice and religion. These culminated in What is Art?, published in 1898. Although Tolstoy perceived the question of art to be a religious one, he considered and rejected the idea that art reveals and reinvents through beauty. The works of Dante,...
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How do we decide what is "good" and what is "bad"? According to the ethical theory of Utilitarianism, to do good is to "always perform that act, of those available, that will bring the most happiness or the least unhappiness." By far the most widely read introduction to this theory, John Stuart Mill's Utilitarianism is one of the most important and controversial works of moral philosophy ever written. In this major contribution to ethical history,...
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In this powerful work, John Stuart Mill sets forth representative government as the most sensible compromise between unreflective rule by the masses and the self-indulgence of the few. The reader of this volume senses that Mill is being pulled in opposing directions: steadfastly committed to majority rule with minority rights while at the same time being just enough of an aristocrat to believe that the masses need exemplars to emulate. This edition...
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Thomas Paine's Rights of Man argues that human rights are inherent. As such, they cannot be conferred on citizens by their governments because to do so would mean that these rights can be revoked by that same government. Paine further suggests that government is responsible for protecting the rights of men, and therefore, the interests of governments and citizens are united. Within this context, Paine argues that revolution is acceptable when the...
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This is Friedrich Nietzsche's seminal work; "Human, All Too Human: A Book for Free Spirits" - first published in 1878. It constitutes the first work in his signature aphoristic style, discussing many different concepts in brief paragraphs and sentences. The 638 aphorisms are divided into nine sections by subject, with a short poem as an epilogue. This fantastic book is highly recommended for students of philosophy, and is not to be missed by fans...
7) Utopia
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This is a fully revised edition of one of the most successful volumes in the Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought series. Incorporating extensive updates to the editorial apparatus, including the introduction, suggestions for further reading, and footnotes, this third edition of More's Utopia has been comprehensively re-worked to take into account scholarship published since the second edition in 2002. The vivid and engaging translation...
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An elegant and intellectual work, The Book of Tea was written in 1906 by Kakuzo Okakura, a brilliant Japanese man with an early education in English. Through his intimate knowledge of Japanese aesthetics and ability to effectively communicate them to a Western audience, Okakura is able to discuss Teaism and its impact on Japanese culture, thought, and life in an informative and profound way. He develops this theory by explaining the history and universality...
9) On liberty
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John Stuart Mill's resolute dedication to the cause of freedom inspired this 1859 treatise. Discussed and debated from time immemorial, the concept of personal liberty went without codification until the publication of this enduring work which applies an ethical system of utilitarianism to society and the state which to this day remains well known and studied.
Mills (1806-1873), a British economist, philosopher, and ethical theorist whose argument...
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"Fired with a fearless iconoclasm which surpassed the wildest dreams of contemporary free thought" - The New York Times
Beyond Good and Evil is one of the most scathing and powerful critiques of philosophy, religion, science, politics and ethics ever written - an essential summary of Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophy.
One of the most iconoclastic philosophers of all time, Nietzsche dramatically rejected notions of good and evil, truth and God....
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For Epicurus, the purpose of philosophy was to attain the happy, tranquil life, characterized by peace and freedom from fear, the absence of pain, and by living a self-sufficient life surrounded by friends. He taught that pleasure and pain are the measures of what is good and evil; death is the end of both body and soul and should therefore not be feared; the gods neither reward nor punish humans; the universe is infinite and eternal; and events in...
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The Age of Reason follows in the tradition of eighteenth-century British deism, and challenges institutionalized religion and the legitimacy of the Bible. The Age of Reason presents common deistic arguments, highlighting what Paine saw as corruption of the Christian Church and criticizing its efforts to acquire political power.