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History Reference Center
Full-text articles to support research in history and genealogy and lesson plans to support student learning.
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"[A] monumental history . . . explaining . . . how Sparta's early strategic role in the Greek world was inseparable from the uniqueness of its origins and values." (David Hanson, The Hoover Institution, author of The Other Greeks)
For centuries, ancient Sparta has been glorified in song, fiction, and popular art. Yet the true nature of a civilization described as a combination of democracy and oligarchy by Aristotle, considered...
For centuries, ancient Sparta has been glorified in song, fiction, and popular art. Yet the true nature of a civilization described as a combination of democracy and oligarchy by Aristotle, considered...
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Ancient accounts of Aristotle credit him with 170 Constitutions of various states; it is widely assumed that these were research for the Politics, and that many of them were written or drafted by his students. Athens, however, was a particularly important state, and where Aristotle was living at the time; it is plausible that, even if students did the others, Aristotle did that one himself, and possible that it was, intended as, a model for the rest....
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"Vending machines and flushing toilets in Ancient Greece. Discover the amazing and amusing marvels this fascinating ancient civilization has given us from democracy to geometry. 50 Things is a fun and engaging way for readers to explore a new topic, broaden their knowledge on a favorite subject, or just have a few laughs."--
65) The Etruscan
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First published in 1956, The Etruscan is a fiction novel by Finnish author Mika Waltari. Beginning around 480 B.C., the story takes us on the spiritual journey of a young man named Lars Turms as he adventures through Ancient Greece to Sicily, Rome and, finally, Tuscany, searching for the meaning of life. He gradually becomes aware of his immortality and his duties to the future. Although set in ancient civilization, the book poses many of life's existential...
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"A treasury of astonishing mythic marvels-and the surprising truths behind them. Adrienne Mayor is renowned for exploring the borders of history, science, archaeology, anthropology, and popular knowledge to find historical realities and scientific insights-glimmering, long-buried nuggets of truth-embedded in myth, legends, and folklore. Combing through ancient texts and obscure sources, she has spent decades prospecting for intriguing wonders and...
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The classical Greek intellectual tradition pervades nearly every aspect of our modern Western civilization. Our logic and science, our philosophy, politics, literature, architecture, and art are all indebted to the ancient inhabitants of the small mountainous Mediterranean country. And the powerful myths of the Greeks, refined by Homer, Hesiod, Herodotus, and the great Greek dramatists, still resonate at the core of our culture. Taking as his starting...
68) The Persians
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“Aeschylus” was the first of the three ancient Greek tragedians whose plays can still be read or performed, the others being “Sophocles” and “Euripides”. He is often described as the father of tragedy: our knowledge of the genre begins with his work and our understanding of earlier tragedies is largely based on inferences from his surviving plays. Only seven of his estimated seventy to ninety plays have survived into modern times.
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Naval warfare is the unsung hero of ancient Greek military history, often overshadowed by the more glorified land battles. Owen Rees looks to redress the balance, giving naval battles their due attention. This book presents a selection of thirteen naval battles that span a defining century in ancient Greek history, from the Ionian Revolt and Persian Invasion to the rise of external naval powers in the Mediterranean Sea, such as the Carthaginians.
Each...
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"This comprehensive study of Greek temples and site planning, first published in 1962, is hailed for its bold historical imagination as a landmark of architectural history, offering Scully's original insights into the nature and function of Greek sacred architecture"--
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This is a full study of the work and personality, the successes and failures of Alexander of Macedon as set forth by historians of his own and succeeding centuries. Unique features in this romantic, adventurous story are the chapters on the dismemberment of the empire, the after-results, and the very contradictory estimates drawn by numerous historians. The chapters on Alexander's character, his background, his education, and his time explain certain...
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Here in one book are the four classic accounts of the trial and death of Socrates. Here in one book are the four classic accounts of the trial and death of Socrates.
Here in one book are the four classic accounts of the trial and death of Socrates. Here in one book are the four classic accounts of the trial and death of Socrates.
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"The Greek myths are the founding narratives of Western civilization: to understand them is to know the origins of philosophy, literature, art, science, law, and more. Indeed, as Luc Ferry shows in this masterful book, they remain a great store of wisdom, as relevant to our lives today as ever before. No mere legends or clichés ("Herculean task, " "Pandora's box, " "Achilles heel, " etc.), these classic stories offer profound and manifold lessons,...
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"Socrates: A Life Worth Living traces the life and ideas of one of Western Civilization's founding philosophers, whose influence is still felt more than two thousand years later. Socrates is famous for how he died, executed by the Athenian government for corrupting the youth of Athens, but his most important contribution was to challenge the people around him to test their ideas and beliefs in conversation with each other, in the belief that in this...
75) Clouds
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The Clouds is a comedy written by the celebrated playwright Aristophanes lampooning intellectual fashions in classical Athens. It was originally produced at the City Dionysia in 423 BC and it was not well received, coming last of the three plays competing at the festival that year. It was revised between 420-417 BC and thereafter it was circulated in manuscript form. No copy of the original production survives, and scholarly analysis indicates that...
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We think the way we do because Socrates thought the way he did; in his unwavering commitment to truth and in the example of his own life, he set the standard for all subsequent Western philosophy. And yet, for twenty-five centuries, he has remained an enigma: a man who left no written legacy and about whom everything we know is hearsay, gleaned from the writings of Plato, Xenophon and Aristophanes. Now Bettany Hughes gives us an unprecedented, brilliantly...
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Greeks were history's great men of thought. John Haaren has collected stories from the lives of thirty famous Greek Men, detailing the rise, Golden Age, and fall of Greece. Among these men are Aristotle, Ptolemy, Ulysses, Pericles, and Alexander the Great. Your children will be delighted to read and understand why the scope of Greek accomplishment is still, known today as "The Greek Miracle."
79) Fire from heaven
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During his first twenty years of life, Alexander the Great is torn between admiration, hatred, and love for his father, asserts his independence from his mother's jealous love, is tutored by Aristotle, and becomes king of Macedon.
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Trade in ancient Greece occurred both among the Greek cities and with foreign lands. Readers will discover that Greece's trading was so influential that its pottery has been discovered in many different areas of the world. The various industries of ancient Greece, its monetary system, and its markets are discussed.